Leaf litter decomposition in western Iberian forested wetlands : lentic versus lotic response

Leaf litter breakdown is frequently used to measure both structural and functional integrity in aquatic ecosystems. Forested wetlands are interface systems that received little attention, especially in the Iberian Peninsula. The present study compares the decomposition of alder and willow in two biotopes (lentic and lotic) located in two different sites (Caxarias and Alpiarça). Litterbags were used to compare decomposition among the different treatments. Throughout decay, dry weight loss, nitrogen and phosphorus content, microbial community physiological profiles, microbial and macro-invertebrate colonization were measured at days 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64. Decomposition rates ranged from intermediate to rapid for alder (0.006 day−1 to 0.0338 day−1) and slow to rapid for willow (0.0024 day−1 to 0.0272 day−1), depending on site and biotopes type. The combined effects biotope × time was significant for heterotrophs (P < 0.05), molds (P < 0.05) and yeasts (P < 0.001). The analysis of average well colour development (AWCD), richness (R) and Shannon-Wiener index (H') based on the oxidation of carbon and nitrogen sources by the microbial community, showed differences between the two biotopes, lotic and lentic, and sites. These differences were also shown by the principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, the macroinvertebrate communities clearly distinguished between lentic and lotic systems. The invertebrates belonging to Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were absent from lentic habitats.La descomposición de hojarasca se utiliza frecuentemente para medir la integridad estructural y funcional en los sistemas acuáticos. Los humedales arbolados son sistemas de transición que han recibido escasa atención especialmente en la Península Ibérica. El presente trabajo compara la descomposición de la hojarasca de aliso y sauce en dos sistemas (lenítico y lótico) situados en dos localidades (Caxarias y Alpiarça). Se utilizaron bolsas para hojarasca para comparar la descomposición entre los diferentes tratamientos. Se determinaron las pérdidas de peso seco, contenido en N y P en el detritus vegetal, perfiles fisiológicos de la comunidad microbiana, la colonización microbiana y de macroinvertebrados a los 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 y 64 días del experimento. Las tasas de descomposición variaron de intermedias a rápidas para el aliso (0.006 día−1 a 0.0338 día−1) y de lentas a rápidas para el sauce (0.0024 día−1 a 0.0272 día−1), dependiendo de la localidad de muestreo y del tipo de sistema. Los efectos combinados sistema × tiempo resultaron significativos para los heterótrofos totales (p < 0.05), hongos filamentosos (p < 0.05) y levaduras (p < 0.001). El análisis del desarrollo medio del color (AWCD), la riqueza (R) y el índice de Shannon-Wiener (H') basados en la oxidación de las fuentes de nitrógeno y carbono por parte de la comunidad microbiana, mostraron diferencias entre los dos sistemas, lótico y lenítico y entre las localidades de muestreo. Estas diferencias se pusieron también de manifiesto en el análisis de componentes principales (PCA). Además, las comunidades de macroinvertebrados claramente diferenciaron los sistemas leníticos de los lóticos. Se observó que en los sistemas leníticos los organismos pertenecientes a Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera y Trichoptera estaban ausentes

Assessing the connectivity of riparian forests across a gradient of human disturbance: the potential of Copernicus "Riparian Zones" in two hydroregions

The connectivity of riparian forests can be used as a proxy for the capacity of riparian zones to provide ecological functions, goods and services. In this study, we aim to test the potential of the freely available Copernicus “Riparian Zones” dataset to characterize the connectivity of riparian forests located in two European bioclimatic regions—the Mediterranean and the Central Baltic hydroregions—when subject to a gradient of human disturbance characterized by land-use/landcover and hydromorphological pressures. We extracted riparian patches using the Copernicus “Actual Riparian Zone” (ARZ) layer and calculated connectivity using the Integral Index of Connectivity (IIC). We then compared the results with a “Manual Riparian Zone” (MRZ) layer, produced by manually digitizing riparian vegetation patches over a very high-resolution World Imagery layer. Our research evidenced reduced forest connectivity in both hydroregions, with the exception of Least Disturbed sites in the Central Baltic hydroregion. The ARZ layer exhibited overall suitability to assess the connectivity of riparian forests in the Central Baltic hydroregion, while the Mediterranean hydroregion displayed a consistent pattern of connectivity overestimation in all levels of human disturbance. To address this, we recommend some improvements in the spatial resolution and thematic accuracy of the Copernicus ARZ layerinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of Mixed Oxide-Based TiO2 on the Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan Films

The physicochemical, mechanical, and structural properties of chitosan-based films (CS) alone or CS-films with mixed oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-ZnO-MgO, TZM; CSTZM) at different concentrations (125, 250, and 500 μg mL−1) were investigated. The addition of nano-TZM promoted a color change (from colorless to white) in the film-forming solution, which increased its turbidity and it decreased viscosity. CSTZM were semitransparent (transmittance, T% decreased up to 49%) compared to CS-based films (T% = 95.5). CSTZM (particularly at a concentration of 500 μg mL−1) exhibited an improvement in the moisture content (decreased from 12.6 to 9.67%), water solubility (decreased from 14.94 to 10.22%), degree of swelling (increased from 19.79 to 36.28%), water vapor barrier (decreased from 6.62 x 10−16 to 4.33 x 10−16 g m−1 h−1 Pa−1), thermal stability (the endotherm peak increased from 99.5 to 157.7 °C), and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 4.15 to 4.98 kPa and 6.96 to 56.18%, respectively, while the modulus of elasticity decreased from 144 kPa to 4.11 kPa), without toxicity effects on Artemia salina (93.33% survival). X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared studies demonstrated an interaction between CS-based films and nano-TZM. Overall, this film exhibited great potential for diverse industrial applications

Behavior of high sensitivity Troponin I levels in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 on hemodialysis

Introducción: los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) tienen mayor prevalencia de elevación de troponina, incluso en ausencia de síndrome coronario agudo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento de la troponina I ultrasensible en pacientes con ERC antes y después de una sesión de hemodiálisis. Diseño: pseudoexperimento. Metodología: se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con ERC estadio 5 en hemodiálisis. Pacientes con condición cardiaca activa, uso de dispositivo cardiaco, intervención coronaria percu-tánea o historia de cirugía cardiaca se excluyeron del estudio. Los valores de troponinas superiores al percentil 99º fueron considerados positivos antes de la hemodiálisis y una elevación de más del 20% fue considerada positiva de acuerdo con la definición universal de infarto de miocardio. Todos los pacientes firmaron un consentimiento informado. Resultados: se incluyeron 33 pacientes con edad promedio de 56 años. Un paciente presentó troponina elevada antes (3%) y dos pacientes la elevaron después de la diálisis (6%). No hubo diferencias estadísticas entre ambos grupos (p-valor 0.8506). El mismo paciente que aumentó la troponina antes la elevó posdiálisis, lo que significa que sólo un paciente elevó troponina durante la sesión de hemodiálisis. Conclusión: se encontró una baja incidencia de troponina I anormal en pacientes con ERC en hemodiálisis con una diferencia no significativa de elevación asociada a la diálisis. No hubo rela-ción con comorbilidades. Estos resultados demuestran la importancia de interpretar las elevaciones de troponina como una condición de riesgo sin considerar su elevación como consecuencia de su enfermedad renal.Artículo original12-14Introduction: patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher prevalence of troponin elevation, even in the absence of acute coronary syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of ultrasensitive troponin I in patients with CKD before and after a hemodialysis session. Design: pseudoexperiment. Methodology: patients older than 18 years with stage 5 CKD in hemodialysis were included. Patients with active heart condition, cardiac device use, percutaneous coronary intervention or history of cardiac surgery were excluded from the study. Troponin values above the 99th percentile were considered positive before hemodialysis and an elevation of more than 20% was considered positive according to the universal definition of myocardial infarction. All patients signed an informed consent. Results: 33 patients with an average age of 56 years were included. One patient presented high troponin before (3%) and two patients had it elevated after dialysis (6%). There were no statistical differences between the two groups (p-value 0.8506). The same patient with increased troponin before, elevated it after dialysis, which means that only one patient raised troponin during the hemodialysis session. Conclusion: a low incidence of abnormal troponin I was found in patients with CKD on he-modialysis with a non-significant difference in elevation associated with dialysis. There was no relationship with comorbidities. These results demonstrate the importance of interpreting troponin elevations as a risk condition without considering its elevation as a consequence of kidney disease

Incidence and clinical characteristics of renal transplanted patients with infection and disease by cytomegalovirus in a transplant center

Introducción: la infección viral más importante postrasplante renal es la infección por citomegalovirus (CMV), hay discrepancia entre centros y países en datos de incidencia de infecciónenfermedad en esta población de pacientes. Diseño: se realiza un estudio observacional analítico, tomando una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes mayores de 18 años, trasplantados renales de donante vivo o cadavérico entre el 2004 y 2015 con al menos seis meses de seguimiento. Material y métodos: se realiza muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se toman los datos de las historias clínicas de los pacientes trasplantados renales, calculando la densidad de incidencia de infección-enfermedad por CMV y se describen las características clínicas y demográficas de los pacientes que presentaron estas patologías. Resultados: se analizaron 252 pacientes, encontrando 92.4% receptores con riesgo intermedio para CMV y 7.5% con riesgo alto, ninguno fue de riesgo bajo. Se identificaron 19 casos, 13 con infección (5.1%) y seis con enfermedad (2.3%). El compromiso gastrointestinal fue el más frecuente. El tiempo promedio desde el momento del trasplante hasta la aparición de la infección-enfermedad fue de 417 (±479) y 650 días (±481), respectivamente. La tasa de infección fue de 10.08 casos por 1000 pacientes/año y la tasa de enfermedad de 5.88 por 1000 pacientes/año. Conclusiones: la densidad de incidencia de infección-enfermedad por CMV en pacientes trasplantados renales fue de 10.08 casos y 5.88 casos por 1000 pacientes/año, respectivamente. Estas tasas son menores a las reportados en la literatura. Dada la baja frecuencia de eventos, no fue posible establecer factores de asociación.Artículo original20-23Introduction: the most important viral infection after renal transplantation is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. There is a discrepancy between centers and countries in terms of incidence data of infection-disease in this population of patients. Design: an analytical observational study was conducted, taking a retrospective cohort of patients older than 18 years old, kidney transplant recipients of living or cadaveric donors between 2004 and 2015, with at least 6 months of follow-up. Material and methods: non-probability convenience sampling was done; data from the clinical records of the kidney transplant patients were taken, calculating the incidence density of CMV infection-disease and the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients who presented these pathologies were described. Results: 252 patients were analyzed; 92.4% of recipients with intermediate risk for CMV and 7.5% with high risk were found. None of them had low risk. 19 cases were identified, 13 with infection (5.1%) and 6 with disease (2.3%). Gastrointestinal involvement was the most frequent. The average time from the time of transplant to the onset of the infection-disease was 417 (± 479) and 650 days (± 481), respectively. The infection rate was 10.08 cases per 1000 patients / year and the disease rate was 5.88 per 1000 patients/year. Conclusions: the incidence density of CMV infection-disease in renal transplant patients was 10.08 cases and 5.88 cases per 1000 patients / year, respectively. These rates are lower than those reported in the literature. Given the low frequency of events, it was not possible to establish association factors

Modeling the evolution of riparian woodlands facing climate change in three European rivers with contrasting flow regimes

Global circulation models forecasts indicate a future temperature and rainfall pattern modification worldwide. Such phenomena will become particularly evident in Europe where climate modifications could be more severe than the average change at the global level. As such, river flow regimes are expected to change, with resultant impacts on aquatic and riparian ecosystems. Riparian woodlands are among the most endangered ecosystems on earth and provide vital services to interconnected ecosystems and human societies. However, they have not been the object of many studies designed to spatially and temporally quantify how these ecosystems will react to climate change-induced flow regimes. Our goal was to assess the effects of climate-changed flow regimes on the existing riparian vegetation of three different European flow regimes. Cases studies were selected in the light of the most common watershed alimentation modes occurring across European regions, with the objective of appraising expected alterations in the riparian elements of fluvial systems due to climate change. Riparian vegetation modeling was performed using the CASiMiR-vegetation model, which bases its computation on the fluvial disturbance of the riparian patch mosaic. Modeling results show that riparian woodlands may undergo not only at least moderate changes for all flow regimes, but also some dramatic adjustments in specific areas of particular vegetation development stages. There are circumstances in which complete annihilation is feasible. Pluvial flow regimes, like the ones in southern European rivers, are those likely to experience more pronounced changes. Furthermore, regardless of the flow regime, younger and more water-dependent individuals are expected to be the most affected by climate change.This work was supported by the IWRM Era-Net Funding Initiative through the RIPFLOW project (references ERAC-CT-2005-026025, ERA-IWRM/0001/2008, CGL2008-03076-E/BTE), http://www.old.iwrm-net.eu/spip.php. Rui Rivaes benefited from a PhD grant sponsored by UTL - Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa (www.utl.pt) and Patricia Maria Rodriguez-Gonzalez benefited from a post-doctoral grant sponsored by FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (www.fct.pt) (SFRH/BPD/47140/2008). The Spanish team would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness the support provided through the SCARCE project (Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Manizales, Pereira, Santa Rosa de Cabal (Colombia) e Isla El Hierro (España)

La violencia sociopolítica en Colombia ha sido una problemática que ha impedido el desarrollo del país y ha generado afectaciones a nivel individual y comunitario no solo a nivel social y económico, sino que también ha repercutido enormemente en la salud mental del pueblo colombiano, entendiendo que el conflicto armado es un generador de traumas sociales que afectan el adecuado desarrollo biopsicosocial de individuos y grupos sociales. Desde el abordaje de escenarios de violencia sociopolítica, este trabajo constituye una mirada reflexiva hacia la realidad sociopolítica del país y el rol que ejerce el psicólogo en escenarios donde las afectaciones por el conflicto armado son latentes. Partiendo de esto, se lleva a cabo un análisis sobre relatos de violencia y esperanza (caso Alfredo Campo y caso Peñas Coloradas), desde los cuales se identifican impactos y emergentes psicosociales, significados alternos a la historia primaria de violencia, posicionamiento desde víctimas o sobrevivientes y resiliencia ante la experiencia vivida. Del mismo modo, se plantean, desde la perspectiva del enfoque narrativo, preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas para el primer caso, así como la formulación de acciones psicosociales y estrategias de intervención que desde el campo de la psicología se consideran pertinentes para generar un cambio significativo en la comunidad a la cual se hace alusión en el segundo caso. Por último, se realiza un informe analítico y reflexivo sobre un ejercicio de foto voz en diferentes escenarios de violencia, desde el cual se logró un aprendizaje significativo sobre la importancia de la imagen y la narrativa como elementos eficaces en procesos de identificación e intervención de problemáticas sociales. Palabras clave: Víctima, Foto Voz, Diálogos Generativos, Coalición Comunitaria, Acompañamiento Psicosocial.Socio-political violence in Colombia has been a problem that has impeded the development of the country and has generated effects at the individual and community level, not only at the social and economic level, but has also had an enormous impact on the mental health of the Colombian people, understanding that the Armed conflict is a generator of social traumas that affect the adequate biopsychosocial development of individuals and social groups. From the approach of scenarios of socio-political violence, this work constitutes a reflective look at the socio-political reality of the country and the role played by the psychologist in scenarios where the effects of the armed conflict are latent. Based on this, an analysis is carried out on stories of violence and hope (the Alfredo Campo case and the Peñas Coloradas case), from which psychosocial impacts and emergencies are identified, alternate meanings to the primary history of violence, positioning from victims or survivors and resilience to the lived experience. In the same way, from the perspective of the narrative approach, circular, reflective and strategic questions are posed for the first case, as well as the formulation of psychosocial actions and intervention strategies that from the field of psychology are considered pertinent to generate a change significant in the community referred to in the second case. Finally, an analytical and reflective report is made on a photo-voice exercise in different violence scenarios, from which significant learning was achieved on the importance of the image and the narrative as effective elements in the processes of identification and intervention of problems social. Keywords: Victim, Photo Voice, Generative Dialogues, Community Coalition, Psychosocial Accompaniment

Riparian zones - from policy neglected to policy integrated

[EN] 1. Riparian zones are vital areas of interaction between land and rivers and are often degraded by several pressures such as urbanisation, intensive agriculture and river engineering works. 2. This policy brief provides five key policy messages and recommendations to be considered by policy-makers, scientists, managers, and stakeholders to enhance riparian zone management. 3. Adopting an integrated socio-economic and environmentally dynamic view will ensure the sustainable management of riparian zones. 4. In light of climate change, it is critically important to conserve and/or restore the ecological integrity of riparian zones. 5. European Union Directives and national-scale legislation and regulations need updating to ensure coordinated implementation of riparian zone-related policies. 6. Stakeholder knowledge exchange, policy co-creation and adaptive management are key to enhancing riparian zone functions.Funding was provided by COST Action CONVERGES (CA16208) and by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. GU was partially supported by the Slovenian Research Agency. PR-G was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the CEEC Individual Programme (2020.03356. CEECIND), and Forest Research Centre was supported through the FCT UIDB/00239/2020. Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) funded Inês Gomes Marques through a PhD scholarship (SFRH/BD/133162/2017). AA was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No. 451-03-68/2022-14/200010).Urbanic, G.; Politti, E.; Rodríguez-González, PM.; Payne, R.; Schook, D.; Alves, MH.; Andelkovic, A.... (2022). Riparian zones - from policy neglected to policy integrated. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 9(5):1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.868527189

Pre-operative anxiolysis in children through a combined pharmacological therapy with hydroxyzine and a non-pharmacological distraction technique with a clown (SONRISA): study protocol for randomised double-blind clinical trial.

Background Surgery can generate significant stress and anxiety in up to 70% of the paediatric population. There are several pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to reduce pre-operative anxiety in children, however, they have several side effects and the available information about them is contradictory. The role of clowns and hydroxyzine in the management of anxiety is controversial, with some studies supporting and others contraindicating both strategies. Methods We propose a randomised double-blind, controlled clinical trial that will evaluate the effectiveness of both interventions (hydroxyzine and clowns), alone or in combination, to reduce pre-operative anxiety (using the modified Yale scale of preoperative anxiety) in children aged 2–16 years undergoing outpatient surgery (n = 188). Subjects will be randomised into two groups – (1) standard procedure (parental accompaniment) combined with placebo or (2) standard procedure combined with preoperative hydroxyzine. After randomisation, they will be divided by chance into two further groups, depending on the presence of clowns on the patient’s surgery day. Control of pre-operative anxiety will be determined in the four groups by a modified Yale scale of preoperative anxiety and cortisol levels. Compliance of children during induction of anaesthesia, time until anaesthesia recovery, presence of postoperative delirium and use of analgesia until discharge will be also assessed. For additional information, the children, parents and healthcare professionals involved in the study will complete a satisfaction survey. Conclusions This study aims to gather evidence on which of these four therapeutic options achieves the highest reduction of pre-operative anxiety with the best safety profile to allow paediatricians and anaesthesiologists to use the most effective and safe option for their patients.post-print781 K

Plan de Contingencia. Acción A2 “Planificación técnica de las acciones de restauración”

El marco de trabajo creado al amparo del proyecto LIFE FLUVIAL “Mejora y gestión sostenible de los corredores fluviales de la Región Atlántica Ibérica” (LIFE16 NAT/ES/000771), contempla la puesta en marcha una estrategia transnacional para la gestión sostenible de sus hábitats en varias cuencas fluviales atlánticas de la Península Ibérica (España y Portugal). El objetivo general del proyecto es la mejora del estado de conservación de corredores fluviales atlánticos en la Red Natura 2000. En este ámbito, factores de amenaza como especies invasoras, intensificación de usos o problemas fitosanitarios, generan el deterioro y fragmentación de los hábitats de los corredores fluviales. Estas amenazas inciden sobre la calidad y continuidad de los bosques higrófilos, hábitat principal al que va dirigido el proyecto, considerado de carácter prioritario (91E0* Bosques aluviales con Alnus glutinosa y Fraxinus excelsior) y pieza clave en el mantenimiento de la composición, estructura y funcionalidad de los corredores fluviales. El proyecto aporta estrategias de gestión transnacional que permitan mitigar y corregir los efectos negativos de las amenazas identificadas, así como evitar su expansión hacia otros territorios de la UE. El proyecto considera otro hábitat objetivo: 9230 Robledales galaico- portugueses con Quercus robur y Quercus pyrenaica, que representa la continuidad con el tipo de hábitat 91E0*. Para alcanzar el objetivo general se plantean objetivos específicos encaminados a combatir la degradación de los hábitats: 1. Desarrollo de un modelo transnacional de gestión sostenible de corredores fluviales para la mejora de su estado de conservación, mediante la restauración de la composición, estructura y funcionalidad de sus tipos de hábitats, la mejora de la conectividad y la reducción de la fragmentación 2. Control de flora exótica e invasora 3. Mejora del estado fitosanitario de los corredores fluviales, mediante la retirada parcial de árboles muertos 4. Difusión y sensibilización de los valores naturales, beneficios socioeconómicos y servicios ecosistémicos prestados por los corredores fluviales 5. Mejora de la formación y capacitación técnica de los agentes implicados en la gestión y conservación de los corredores fluviales La consecución de los objetivos del proyecto se realizará mediante la ejecución de 8 acciones concretas de conservación en 9 espacios Natura 2000 de España y Portugal. Para su puesta en marcha, el proyecto plantea la elaboración de una serie de documentos de planificación técnica en los que se recojan las soluciones adoptadas y la metodología a ser puesta en marcha. No obstante, ante posibles riesgos e imprevistos que puedan surgir al implementar las acciones de conservación, se hace necesaria la disposición de un plan de contingencia, que permita establecer las soluciones necesarias para llevar adelante la actuación.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio